Telmisartan ameliorates glutamate-induced neurotoxicity: Roles of AT1 receptor blockade and PPARγ activation

Potential protective roles of phytochemicals on glutamate-induced neurotoxicity: A review

Glutamate, as an essential neurotransmitter, has been thought to have different roles in the central nervous system (CNS), including nerve regeneration, synaptogenesis, and neurogenesis. Excessive glutamate causes an up-regulation of the multiple signaling pathways, including phosphoinositide-3 kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) protein, mitogen-activat...

Blockade of the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Glutamate Receptor Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Renal Insufficiency

N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activation in rat kidney reduces renal perfusion and ultrafiltration. Hypoperfusion-induced ischemia is the most frequent cause of functional insufficiency in the endotoxemic kidney. Here, we used non-hypotensive rat model of lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxemia to examine whether NMDA receptor hyperfunction contributes to acute kidney injury. Lipopolysacc...

Telmisartan-induced inhibition of vascular cell proliferation beyond angiotensin receptor blockade and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activation.

We investigated the ability of angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor blockers with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma agonist activity (telmisartan and irbesartan) and AT1 receptor blockers devoid of PPARgamma agonist activity (eprosartan and valsartan) to inhibit vascular cell proliferation studied in the absence of angiotensin II stimulation. Telmisartan and, to a lesser e...

Valsartan, independently of AT1 receptor or PPARγ, suppresses LPS-induced macrophage activation and improves insulin resistance in cocultured adipocytes.

Macrophages are integrated into adipose tissues and interact with adipocytes in obese subjects, thereby exacerbating adipose insulin resistance. This study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the insulin-sensitizing effect of the angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) valsartan, as demonstrated in clinical studies. Insulin signaling, i.e., insulin receptor substrate-1 and Akt p...

Myocardial salvage, AT1-receptor blockade, AT2-receptor activation and coronary collaterals.